Cold War ( The reconstruction of Japan from 1945-1991)
After the end of World War 2 were the American won over Japan after the bombing of two cities, namely; Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, the United States military was called in to reconstruct Japan which would include new Constitution in 1947, labor unions and reduction of the monopolistic businesses. However, during the cold war this constitutional changes in Japan has undergone another change in 1951, the US agreed to grant Japan full independence and autonomy but maintain parts of its military to be effective in 1952. The reconstruction of Japan begins right after their defeat and continued until the 1952 in the effort of General Douglas MacArthur a month after the bombing of the two cities, September 1945. There were three phases in the objective on the occupation of Japan, first phase is call the effort to punish and reform, the second phase is the revival of Japanese economy, and the last phase is the formal peace treaty and alliance. In the first phase, according to US Department of State, Office of the Historian, begins 1945 – 1947 which involves the restructuring of the Japanese government and society with punishment for the militarism and expansion by convening war crimes in Tokyo, dismantling of the Japanese Army and banning the Military Officers to take roles in the government, land reforms and business reforms into capitalist system and degrading the emperor’s role on political system by placing power more on the parliament government system . On the second phase to end by the 1950s was focused more on the economic features of Japan due to lack of necessary supply, General MacArthur worried that this situation will pull Japan into communism, the Korean war was the saving event to capture the Japanese economy into progress. The third phase of the occupation of the American forces lasted until 1952 for the establishment of alliance for a bigger threat in the pacific which is communism and then the construction of US bases in Okinawa Japan. The 51 nations on a meeting in San Francisco, forty-nine signed the treaty not to do business with the People’s Republic of China. The third phase of the Japanese reconstruction in terms of economy, the historical implementation of the Dodge Plan and the effect of the outbreak of the Korean War did have a part in this reconstruction. This is because the supply to the effort in the Korean was for the allied forces coming from Japan as the most strategic place to round-up as an advantage. After the cold war, Japan continued the reconstruction effort and increase in economic power and military power that it plays and important part in the world’s economy and peace process specifically among its neighbor countries until this present year. |